Completing Sentence HSC English 2nd Paper শিক্ষার্থীদের Grammar এবং Sentence Structure এর দক্ষতা যাচাই করার একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। সঠিকভাবে প্রস্তুতি নিলে ভালো নম্বর অর্জন সহজ হয়। আগামীপরীক্ষায় সফল হতে চাইলে আজ থেকেই নিয়মিত প্র্যাকটিস শুরু করো।
Completing Sentence HSC Question with Solution
1. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases.
(a) Trees are essential for our existence. So —,
(b) The rats are now thinking who will tie the bell on cat? Finally, they realize it is easy to say —.
(c) Wait until —. You should not go out alone.
(d) Love is divine. You can’t find others to love you unless —.
(e) Punctuality is a great virtue. So, try —.
(f) The patient was so serious and we were looking for a doctor. Alas! The patient had died before —.
(g) Sharing is —. So, teach your children how to share.
(h) Everybody must be conscious of health because —.
(1) The train will start at 10 a.m. Now it is 09:55 a.m. So, walk fast lest —.
(j) Corruption is a hindrance to national development. It is high time —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Trees are essential for our existence. So we should plant more trees. | we should plant more trees (Result Clause) | So-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল বা কর্তব্য যুক্ত করতে হয়। গাছ যেহেতু অপরিহার্য, তাই আমাদের বেশি করে গাছ লাগানো উচিত। |
| (b) | The rats are now thinking who will tie the bell on cat? Finally they realize it is easy to say but difficult to do. | but difficult to do (Coordinating Clause) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি প্রবাদতুল্য উক্তি। কোনো কাজ মুখে বলা সহজ, কিন্তু বাস্তবে করা কঠিন। easy to say-এর বিপরীতার্থক অংশ বসেছে। |
| (c) | Wait until I come back. | I come back (Time Clause) | Until (যতক্ষণ না) এর পর একটি Future Time বোঝাতে Simple Present Tense ব্যবহার করা হয়। |
| (d) | Love is divine. You can’t find others to love you unless you love others. | you love others (Conditional Clause) | Unless (যদি না) একটি Conditional Clause। যতক্ষণ না তুমি অন্যকে ভালোবাসবে, ততক্ষণ তুমি অন্যের ভালোবাসা পাবে না। |
| (e) | Punctuality is a great virtue. So try to be punctual in everything. | to be punctual in everything (Infinitive Phrase) | So-এর পর কর্তব্য বা প্রচেষ্টা বোঝাতে try-এর সাথে Infinitive Phrase বা Simple Present Tense-এর Clause যুক্ত হয়। |
| (f) | Alas! The patient had died before the doctor came. | the doctor came (Time Clause) | Before দ্বারা দুটি অতীত ঘটনা যুক্ত হলে, before-এর আগের অংশে Past Perfect (had died) এবং পরের অংশে Simple Past Tense বসে। |
| (g) | Sharing is a great joy. | a great joy (Noun Phrase/Complement) | বাক্যটিকে অর্থপূর্ণ করতে Sharing (বিনিময়) এর একটি গুণ বা বৈশিষ্ট্য বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। এটি একটি Complement। |
| (h) | Everybody must be conscious of health because health is wealth. | health is wealth (Reason Clause) | Because-এর পর কারণ বা যৌক্তিকতা যুক্ত হয়। স্বাস্থ্যের প্রতি সচেতন হতে হবে, কারণ স্বাস্থ্যই সম্পদ। |
| (i) | So, walk fast lest you should miss the train. | you should miss the train (Subordinate Clause) | Lest (পাছে, এই ভয়ে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject-এর পর should বা might এবং Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (j) | Corruption is a hindrance to national development. It is high time we fought against corruption. | we fought against corruption (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time/It is time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
2. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases.
(a) Patriotism is a noble virtue. It is high time —.
(b) Hasan got GPA 4.50. Had he studied seriously he —.
(c) Time is valuable. Those who waste time —.
(d) This ceiling is not so high. He 1s tall enough —.
(e) Lock the door and keep the key in a safe place lest —.
(f) You cannot understand everything clearly unless —.
(g) A lot of passengers were waiting at the bus stop. A bus came. But the bus was so small that —.
(h) In spite of facing so many drawbacks in life, he — ultimately.
(1) Ayesha is a bright student. She studies hard so that —.
(j) Freedom is man’s birthright. He is born free but everywhere -—.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Patriotism is a noble virtue. It is high time we developed our patriotism. | we developed our patriotism | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (b) | Had he studied seriously he would have got GPA 5.00. | would have got GPA 5.00 (Conditional Clause) | এটি Third Conditional। Had দিয়ে শুরু হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। |
| (c) | Time is valuable. Those who waste time cannot shine in life. | cannot shine in life (Result Clause/Relative Clause Continuation) | Relative Pronoun (who) যুক্ত এই বাক্যে সময় নষ্ট করার ফলাফল প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে। |
| (d) | This ceiling is not so high. He is tall enough to touch it. | to touch it (Infinitive Phrase) | Enough-এর পর সাধারণত Infinitive Phrase (to + V1) বসে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে। |
| (e) | Lock the door and keep the key in a safe place lest a thief should enter the room. | a thief should enter the room | Lest (পাছে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject-এর পর should বা might এবং Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (f) | You cannot understand everything clearly unless you study with attention. | you study with attention (Conditional Clause) | Unless (যদি না) একটি Conditional Clause। মন দিয়ে না পড়লে তুমি কিছুই বুঝতে পারবে না। |
| (g) | But the bus was so small that it could not carry all the passengers. | it could not carry all the passengers (Result Clause) | So… that থাকলে that-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল প্রকাশ করতে হয়। বাসটি এতটাই ছোট ছিল যে…। |
| (h) | In spite of facing so many drawbacks in life, he succeeded in his mission ultimately. | succeeded in his mission (Main Clause) | In spite of দ্বারা বিপরীতধর্মী অবস্থা বোঝানো হয়। বাধা সত্ত্বেও তিনি শেষ পর্যন্ত সফল হয়েছিলেন। |
| (i) | Ayesha is a bright student. She studies hard so that she can get good results. | she can get good results (Purpose Clause) | So that (যাতে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Purpose (উদ্দেশ্য) বোঝাতে can/could/may/might বসে। |
| (j) | He is born free but everywhere he is in chains. | he is in chains (Contrast Clause) | এটি একটি বিখ্যাত উক্তি (Jean-Jacques Rousseau-এর)। বাক্যের but অংশটি স্বাধীনতার বিপরীত অবস্থা প্রকাশ করে। |
3. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/phrases.
(a) Had you sought my help, —.
(b) A man leading an indolent life —.
(c) Strike the rod —.
(d) The men, who love their country, —.
(e) Be punctual in your studies —.
(f) Food adulteration is a crime. It is high time —.
(g) Childhood is the golden period of life. I wish —.
(h) Scarcely had we got out of home —.
(1) I know the man —.
(J) He feigns as though —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Had you sought my help, I would have helped you. | I would have helped you (Conditional Clause) | এটি Third Conditional। Had দিয়ে শুরু হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। |
| (b) | A man leading an indolent life can never prosper. | can never prosper (Main Clause) | আলস্যে জীবনযাপন করার ফলাফল বা বাস্তবতা বোঝানো হয়েছে। |
| (c) | Strike the rod while the iron is hot. | while the iron is hot (Time Clause) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি বিখ্যাত প্রবাদ। অর্থাৎ, সুযোগ থাকতে কাজ করা উচিত। |
| (d) | The men, who love their country, are true patriots. | are true patriots (Main Verb/Complement) | Who love their country হলো Adjective Clause। Main Subject-এর সাথে সঙ্গতি রেখে Main Verb (are) যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (e) | Be punctual in your studies so that you can make a good result. | so that you can make a good result (Purpose Clause) | So that (যাতে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Purpose (উদ্দেশ্য) বোঝাতে can/may বসে। |
| (f) | Food adulteration is a crime. It is high time we stopped food adulteration. | we stopped food adulteration | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (g) | Childhood is the golden period of life. I wish I were a child again. | I were a child again (Unreal Wish) | Wish দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা বা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করলে Subject-এর পর সাধারণত Past Indefinite Tense (Subject + V2) বসে। I-এর পর were বসে। |
| (h) | Scarcely had we got out of home when it started raining. | when it started raining (Time Clause) | Scarcely/Hardly দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে এরপরের Clause-এ when বসে এবং Tense হয় Simple Past। |
| (i) | I know the man who came here yesterday. | who came here yesterday (Adjective Clause) | The man-কে চিহ্নিত করতে একটি Relative Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (j) | He feigns as though he were mad. | he were mad (Unreal Condition) | As though/As if (যেন) দ্বারা অবাস্তবতা বোঝালে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject যাই হোক না কেন Past Indefinite Tense এবং Verb to be হিসেবে were বসে। |
4. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Honesty is the best policy. If you maintain honesty, —.
(b) English is an international language. I wish —.
(c) It is a long time since —.
(d) He talks too much while doing his work. I don’t like people who —.
(e) The beggar was very hungry. No sooner had he got a piece of loaf on the road than —.
(f) The old man is very weak. He is walking slowly —.
(g) A student should not memorize any answer blindly. If he memorizes the answer without knowing the meaning, —.
(h) Corruption is the main hindrance to the development of our country. It is high time —.
(1) Had I earned enough money —.
(j) My brother will come to Rajshahi from Dhaka. So I have to go to station with a view to —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Honesty is the best policy. If you maintain honesty, you will be respected by all. | you will be respected by all (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: If + Present Indefinite Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Future Indefinite Tense বসে। |
| (b) | English is an international language. I wish I could speak English fluently. | I could speak English fluently (Unreal Wish) | Wish দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করলে Subject-এর পর could/might বা Past Tense বসে। |
| (c) | It is a long time since we met last. | we met last (Time Clause) | It is long time since থাকলে since-এর পর Simple Past Tense বসে। |
| (d) | He talks too much while doing his work. I don’t like people who talk too much. | talk too much (Relative Clause) | Relative Pronoun (who) দ্বারা আগের Noun (people)-এর বর্ণনা দেওয়া হয়েছে। |
| (e) | No sooner had he got a piece of loaf on the road than he started eating it. | he started eating it (Time Clause) | No sooner had দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে এরপরের Clause-এ than বসে এবং Tense হয় Simple Past। |
| (f) | The old man is very weak. He is walking slowly so that he may not fall. | so that he may not fall (Purpose Clause) | So that (যাতে) দ্বারা উদ্দেশ্য বোঝানো হয়েছে। বৃদ্ধ লোকটি আস্তে হাঁটছে যাতে সে পড়ে না যায়। |
| (g) | If he memorizes the answer without knowing the meaning, he will forget it soon. | he will forget it soon (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: If + Present Indefinite Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Future Indefinite Tense বসে। |
| (h) | Corruption is the main hindrance to the development of our country. It is high time we took strong measures against it. | we took strong measures against it | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (i) | Had I earned enough money I would have travelled the world. | I would have travelled the world (Conditional Clause) | এটি Third Conditional। Had দিয়ে শুরু হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। |
| (j) | So I have to go to station with a view to receiving him. | receiving him (Prepositional Phrase) | With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয়। |
5. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Most of the rivers are getting polluted day by day. It is high time —.
(b) Milk is rich in food values. We should take milk everyday so that —.
(c) Mr. John is very interested in tourism. He wants to visit Bangladesh with a view to —.
(d) I like to play cricket in my leisure time. When I get a chance, —.
(e) No nation can develop without education. So, it is rightly said that —.
(f) Mina really sings well. If she gets opportunity, —.
(g) He was a petty clerk. But he behaved as though—.
(h) The weather of that night was very rough. I would have met you provided —.
(l) Bangladesh 1s a small country. Though it has a small area, —.
(j) English is an international language. There is not a country in the world where —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Most of the rivers are getting polluted day by day. It is high time we stopped river pollution. | we stopped river pollution (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time/It is time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (b) | We should take milk everyday so that we can get energy and nutrition. | we can get energy and nutrition (Purpose Clause) | So that (যাতে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Purpose (উদ্দেশ্য) বোঝাতে can/may বসে। |
| (c) | He wants to visit Bangladesh with a view to learning about its culture. | learning about its culture (Gerund Phrase) | With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয় (Gerund)। |
| (d) | When I get a chance, I play cricket with my friends. | I play cricket with my friends (Main Clause) | এটি Zero Conditional বা সাধারণ সত্য। When (যখন) এর উভয় পাশে Simple Present Tense বসে। |
| (e) | No nation can develop without education. So, it is rightly said that education is the backbone of a nation. | education is the backbone of a nation (Noun Clause) | So-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল বা শিক্ষার গুরুত্ব বিষয়ক একটি প্রবাদতুল্য উক্তি (Noun Clause) যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (f) | If she gets opportunity, she will become a famous singer. | she will become a famous singer (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: If + Simple Present Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Future Indefinite Tense বসে। |
| (g) | But he behaved as though he were a big officer. | he were a big officer (Unreal Condition) | As though/As if (যেন) দ্বারা অবাস্তবতা বোঝালে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject যাই হোক না কেন Past Indefinite Tense এবং Verb to be হিসেবে were বসে। |
| (h) | I would have met you provided that the weather was good. | that the weather was good (Conditional Clause) | Provided (that) মানে “যদি”। এটি শর্ত বোঝায়। would have met দেখে মনে হতে পারে Third Conditional, কিন্তু এখানে provided এর সাধারণ ব্যবহার অনুসারে Simple Past যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (i) | Though it has a small area, it has a huge population. | it has a huge population (Contrast Clause) | Though/Although (যদিও) দ্বারা বিপরীতধর্মী তথ্য প্রকাশ করা হয়। ছোট হওয়া সত্ত্বেও এর জনসংখ্যা অনেক। |
| (j) | There is not a country in the world where English is not used. | English is not used (Adjective Clause) | Where দ্বারা একটি স্থান (country)-কে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। এমন কোনো দেশ নেই যেখানে ইংরেজি ব্যবহৃত হয় না। |
6. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to —.
(b) If I had the wings of a bird, I —
(c) Unity is strength. United we stand, —.
(d) Time plays a very crucial role in human life. We cannot prosper in life unless —.
(e) Whenever my uncle comes to our house, he —. I have never seen him coming to our house empty-handed.
(1) It is high time you —. It 1s detrimental to health.
(g) The box is very heavy. Are you strong enough —?
(h) John is fond of reading. Whenever he goes to the book fair, —.
(1) Rima is a good singer. She sings so well that —.
(}) Since Bangladesh is an agricultural country, — We should put emphasis on our agricultural sectors.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to serving the suffering people. | serving the suffering people (Gerund Phrase) | With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয় (Gerund)। |
| (b) | If I had the wings of a bird, I would fly over the sky. | would fly over the sky (Conditional Clause) | এটি Second Conditional। If + Past Indefinite Tense (had) হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would/could + V1 বসে। |
| (c) | Unity is strength. United we stand, divided we fall. | divided we fall (Coordinating Clause) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি বিখ্যাত প্রবাদ (“একতায় উত্থান, বিভেদে পতন”)। |
| (d) | We cannot prosper in life unless we make proper use of time. | we make proper use of time (Conditional Clause) | Unless (যদি না) দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝানো হয়েছে। সময়ের সঠিক ব্যবহার না করলে উন্নতি সম্ভব নয়। |
| (e) | Whenever my uncle comes to our house, he brings some gifts for us. | brings some gifts for us (Main Clause) | Whenever (যখনই) থাকলে উভয় পাশে Simple Present Tense বসে। |
| (f) | It is high time you gave up smoking. | gave up smoking (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (g) | The box is very heavy. Are you strong enough to lift it? | to lift it (Infinitive Phrase) | Enough-এর পর সাধারণত Infinitive Phrase (to + V1) বসে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে। |
| (h) | Whenever he goes to the book fair, he buys a lot of books. | he buys a lot of books (Main Clause) | Whenever (যখনই) থাকলে উভয় পাশে Simple Present Tense বসে। |
| (i) | She sings so well that she can entertain anyone. | she can entertain anyone (Result Clause) | So… that থাকলে that-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল বোঝাতে Clause যুক্ত হয়। |
| (j) | Since Bangladesh is an agricultural country, it should focus on modern farming. | it should focus on modern farming (Main Clause) | Since (যেহেতু) দ্বারা কারণ বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই Main Clause-এ তার ফলাফল বা করণীয় যুক্ত হবে। |
7. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) There was a little rain yesterday. If 1t had rained heavily, —.
(b) Though junk foods look appetizing, — We should avoid them.
(c) Opportunity does not always come. You would have succeeded in life provided that —.
(d) The old man is very weak. He walks very slowly lest —.
(e) The amount of waste is growing rapidly all over the world and polluting the environment. It is high time —.
(f) I wish I —. I would express my feelings in my poems.
(g) English is an international language. We need to learn it as —.
(h) Kiran got a foreign scholarship. She was so happy that —.
(l) It was my first lecture. I was too nervous —.
(j) Manners define a man. We always appreciate a person —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | If it had rained heavily, the harvest would have been damaged. | the harvest would have been damaged (Conditional Clause) | Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। |
| (b) | Though junk foods look appetizing, they are harmful to health. | they are harmful to health (Contrast Clause) | Though/Although (যদিও) দ্বারা বিপরীতধর্মী তথ্য প্রকাশ করা হয়। দেখতে লোভনীয় হলেও এগুলি ক্ষতিকর। |
| (c) | You would have succeeded in life provided that you worked hard. | you worked hard (Conditional Clause) | Provided (that) মানে “যদি”। এটি শর্ত বোঝায়। would have succeeded দেখে মনে হতে পারে Third Conditional, কিন্তু provided that-এর সাধারণ ব্যবহার অনুসারে Simple Past যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (d) | He walks very slowly lest he should fall down. | he should fall down (Subordinate Clause) | Lest (পাছে, এই ভয়ে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject-এর পর should বা might এবং Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (e) | It is high time we took initiatives to recycle waste. | we took initiatives to recycle waste (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (f) | I wish I were a poet. | I were a poet (Unreal Wish) | Wish দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা বা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করলে Subject-এর পর Past Indefinite Tense (Verb to be হিসেবে were) বসে। |
| (g) | We need to learn it as it is essential for our career. | it is essential for our career (Reason Clause) | As/Since/Because (যেহেতু) দ্বারা কারণ বোঝানো হয়। |
| (h) | She was so happy that she burst into tears. | she burst into tears (Result Clause) | So… that থাকলে that-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল বোঝাতে Clause যুক্ত হয়। |
| (i) | I was too nervous to deliver the lecture properly. | to deliver the lecture properly (Infinitive Phrase) | Too… to দ্বারা “এতই… যে” বা নেতিবাচক ফলাফল বোঝানো হয়। |
| (j) | We always appreciate a person who has good manners. | who has good manners (Adjective Clause) | Relative Pronoun (who) দ্বারা a person-কে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। |
8. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to —.
(b) We are a free nation now. 1971 is the year when —.
(c) I don’t have enough money. Had I been a rich man, —.
(d) My final examination is going on. I studied hard lest I —.
(e) Man proposes, —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Florence Nightingale wanted to be a nurse with a view to serving the wounded soldiers. | serving the wounded soldiers (Gerund Phrase) | With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয় (Gerund)। |
| (b) | 1971 is the year when Bangladesh achieved independence. | Bangladesh achieved independence (Adjective Clause) | When দ্বারা the year-কে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। |
| (c) | Had I been a rich man, I would have helped the poor. | I would have helped the poor (Conditional Clause) | এটি Third Conditional। Had দিয়ে শুরু হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। (এখানে had I been এর মাধ্যমে Past Perfect-এর ভাব প্রকাশ পেয়েছে)। |
| (d) | I studied hard lest I should fail in the examination. | should fail in the examination (Subordinate Clause) | Lest (পাছে, এই ভয়ে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject-এর পর should বা might এবং Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (e) | Man proposes, God disposes. | God disposes (Coordinating Clause) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি বিখ্যাত প্রবাদ (“মানুষ ভাবে এক, আর হয় আরেক”)। |
9. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Industry is the —.
(b) A man cannot succeed in life —.
(c) — of the world are industrious.
(d) The man — can maintain a sound health.
(e) We should not like those persons —.
(f) I always —.
(g) I know the story of an industrious person —.
(h) That man always inspires me —.
(l) I have a poor uncle. He could be rich —.
(j) He has become poor — of his idleness.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Industry is the key to success. | key to success (Noun Phrase/Complement) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি প্রবাদতুল্য উক্তি। |
| (b) | A man cannot succeed in life unless he works hard. | unless he works hard (Conditional Clause) | Unless (যদি না) দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝানো হয়েছে। কঠোর পরিশ্রম ছাড়া জীবনে সফল হওয়া যায় না। |
| (c) | Most of the people of the world are industrious. | Most of the people (Subject) | বাক্যটিকে অর্থপূর্ণ করতে একটি উপযুক্ত Subject যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। |
| (d) | The man who works regularly can maintain a sound health. | who works regularly (Adjective Clause) | Relative Pronoun (who) দ্বারা the man-কে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। |
| (e) | We should not like those persons who are lazy/dishonest. | who are lazy/dishonest (Adjective Clause) | those persons-কে বর্ণনা করতে Relative Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (f) | I always try to be industrious. | try to be industrious (Main Verb/Infinitive) | বাক্যের অর্থ ধরে একটি উপযুক্ত Main Verb যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (g) | I know the story of an industrious person who became rich through hard work. | who became rich through hard work (Adjective Clause) | Relative Pronoun (who) দ্বারা an industrious person-এর বর্ণনা দেওয়া হয়েছে। |
| (h) | That man always inspires me to work harder. | to work harder (Infinitive Phrase) | Inspire Verb-টির পর সাধারণত Infinitive Phrase (to + V1) বসে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাতে। |
| (i) | He could be rich if he had worked hard. | if he had worked hard (Conditional Clause) | Third Conditional: Main Clause-এ could be/would be (Conditional Perfect) থাকলে if Clause-এ Past Perfect Tense বসে। |
| (j) | He has become poor on account of his idleness. | on account (Prepositional Phrase) | On account of (কারণে/হেতু) দ্বারা কারণ বোঝানো হয়েছে। |
10. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Trees are essential for our existence. So, we should —.
(b) English 1s an international language. — you cannot get a good job.
(c) Corruption is an obstacle to our national development. It is high time —.
(d) My childhood was full of joys and happiness. I wish —.
(e) Mobile phone is a wonder of modern science. But —.
(f) He cannot run the business. So, he should —.
(g) He confessed that —. So, I forgave him.
(h) The students could not memories the poem. It was too difficult —.
(i) Since there was no more question to discuss, —.
(j) Female education is a crying need for our country. It is a good sign that nowadays —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Trees are essential for our existence. So, we should plant more trees. | plant more trees (Main Clause) | So-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল বা কর্তব্য যুক্ত করতে হয়। |
| (b) | Unless you learn English you cannot get a good job. | Unless you learn English (Conditional Clause) | Unless (যদি না) দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝানো হয়েছে। ইংরেজি না শিখলে ভালো চাকরি পাওয়া যায় না। |
| (c) | Corruption is an obstacle to our national development. It is high time we stopped corruption. | we stopped corruption (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time/It is time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (d) | My childhood was full of joys and happiness. I wish I were a child again. | I were a child again (Unreal Wish) | Wish দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা বা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করলে Subject-এর পর Past Indefinite Tense (Verb to be হিসেবে were) বসে। |
| (e) | Mobile phone is a wonder of modern science. But it has many demerits. | it has many demerits (Contrast Clause) | But (কিন্তু) দ্বারা বিপরীতধর্মী তথ্য প্রকাশ করা হয়। |
| (f) | He cannot run the business. So, he should close the shop. | close the shop (Main Clause) | So-এর পর Main Clause-এ ফলাফল বা করণীয় যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। |
| (g) | He confessed that he had committed the crime. | he had committed the crime (Noun Clause) | Confessed (স্বীকার করা)-এর পর that দ্বারা কী স্বীকার করেছে তা বোঝাতে Past Perfect Tense যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
| (h) | The students could not memorise the poem. It was too difficult for them to memorise. | for them to memorise (Infinitive Phrase) | Too… to দ্বারা “এতই… যে” বা নেতিবাচক ফলাফল বোঝানো হয়। |
| (i) | Since there was no more question to discuss, the meeting was ended. | the meeting was ended (Main Clause) | Since (যেহেতু) দ্বারা কারণ বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই Main Clause-এ তার ফলাফল যুক্ত হবে। |
| (j) | Female education is a crying need for our country. It is a good sign that nowadays girls are getting proper education. | girls are getting proper education (Noun Clause) | It is a good sign that (এটি একটি ভালো লক্ষণ যে) -এর পর একটি উপযুক্ত Noun Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে। |
11. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases
(a) Industry is the key to success. If you work hard, —.
(b) Corruption 1s the main hindrance to development. It is high time —.
(c) Abdul is an HSC candidate. He 1s studying hard lest —.
(d) There are a good number of reasons why —. That English is a foreign language is the main reason.
(e) Birds fly in the sky. I wish —.
(f) No sooner had we reached there than —. Unless we went there earlier, we would miss the beginning of the programmer.
(g) It is not good —. A man is known by the company he keeps.
(h) Dulal Sheikh is a quack. He behaves as if —.
(i) It is very cold outside. You had better —.
(j) My childhood was full of joys and happiness. Would that —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | Industry is the key to success. If you work hard, you will succeed in life. | you will succeed in life (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: If + Simple Present Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Future Indefinite Tense বসে। |
| (b) | Corruption is the main hindrance to development. It is high time we took bold steps against it. | we took bold steps against it (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (c) | He is studying hard lest he should fail in the examination. | he should fail in the examination (Subordinate Clause) | Lest (পাছে, এই ভয়ে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject-এর পর should বা might এবং Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (d) | There are a good number of reasons why students find English difficult. | students find English difficult (Adjective Clause) | Why দ্বারা কারণ বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। |
| (e) | Birds fly in the sky. I wish I were a bird. | I were a bird (Unreal Wish) | Wish দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা বা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করলে Subject-এর পর Past Indefinite Tense (Verb to be হিসেবে were) বসে। |
| (f) | No sooner had we reached there than the program started. | the program started (Time Clause) | No sooner had দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে এরপরের Clause-এ than বসে এবং Tense হয় Simple Past। |
| (g) | It is not good to keep bad company. | to keep bad company (Infinitive Phrase) | It is not good এর পর to + V1 (Infinitive) বসে উদ্দেশ্য বা বিষয়বস্তু বোঝাতে। |
| (h) | He behaves as if he were a real doctor. | he were a real doctor (Unreal Condition) | As if (যেন) দ্বারা অবাস্তবতা বোঝালে এরপরের Clause-এ Subject যাই হোক না কেন Past Indefinite Tense এবং Verb to be হিসেবে were বসে। |
| (i) | It is very cold outside. You had better put on a heavy jacket. | put on a heavy jacket (Main Clause) | Had better (উচিত) থাকলে এরপর Verb-এর Base form বসে। |
| (j) | Would that I could go back to my childhood. | I could go back to my childhood (Unreal Wish) | Would that (যদি) দ্বারা অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করলে এরপর could/might বসে। |
12. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) We cannot buy a car if —. It costs a lot of money.
(b) You are now very helpless. Call me whenever —.
(c) The man was so weak that — He should consult with a doctor.
(d) Since it was raining heavily, —. We stayed at home.
(e) Though he is dull of hearing, —. He can make a good result.
(f)’ Danger comes when —. So, we have to be careful in our life.
(g) When I was a child, —. I was fond of playing cricket.
(h) Hardly had we seen the police when —. Thus we were saved.
(1) Speak the truth or —. A truthful man is always honoured everywhere.
(J) He took biology in lieu of —. Biology is difficult for him.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | We cannot buy a car if we do not have enough money. | we do not have enough money (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: Main Clause-এ Present/Future হলে if Clause-এ Simple Present Tense বসে। |
| (b) | You are now very helpless. Call me whenever you need my help. | you need my help (Time Clause) | Whenever (যখনই) থাকলে উভয় পাশে Simple Present Tense বসে। |
| (c) | The man was so weak that he could not walk. | he could not walk (Result Clause) | So… that থাকলে that-এর পর কারণের ফলাফল প্রকাশ করতে হয়। |
| (d) | Since it was raining heavily, we cancelled the plan. | we cancelled the plan (Main Clause) | Since (যেহেতু) দ্বারা কারণ বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই Main Clause-এ তার ফলাফল যুক্ত হবে। |
| (e) | Though he is dull of hearing, he is very attentive in class. | he is very attentive in class (Contrast Clause) | Though/Although (যদিও) দ্বারা বিপরীতধর্মী তথ্য প্রকাশ করা হয়। |
| (f) | Danger comes when we are careless. | we are careless (Time Clause) | Proverbial Expression: এটি একটি প্রবাদতুল্য উক্তি। when দ্বারা সাধারণ সত্য যুক্ত হওয়ায় উভয় পাশে Simple Present Tense বসেছে। |
| (g) | When I was a child, I used to play outside. | I used to play outside (Time Clause) | When-এর প্রথম অংশ Past Tense-এ থাকায় পরের অংশে Past Habit বোঝাতে used to বসেছে। |
| (h) | Hardly had we seen the police when they ran away. | they ran away (Time Clause) | Hardly/Scarcely দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে এরপরের Clause-এ when বসে এবং Tense হয় Simple Past। |
| (i) | Speak the truth or you will be punished. | you will be punished (Conditional Clause) | Imperative Sentence + or দ্বারা শর্ত বোঝানো হয়। (সত্য কথা বলো, নয়তো…)। |
| (j) | He took biology in lieu of higher mathematics. | higher mathematics (Noun Phrase/Complement) | In lieu of (পরিবর্তে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Clause-এ একটি উপযুক্ত Noun Phrase বসেছে। |
13. Complete the sentences using suitable clauses/ phrases.
(a) Geometry is very much confusing to Zillur. He practices geometry a lot so that —.
(b) I could not recognize you at first. It was five years since we —.
(c) Sanjida was writing quite well in the exam when suddenly she —. As a result, she could not
finish the exam with satisfaction.
(d) Don’t worry. I — after I have finished my study.
(e) Fateen was really in a great danger. He came to you with a view to — from you, but you
disappointed him.
(f) Sujon was very weak, but he had to carry a big box. The box was too heavy for —.
(g) The farmers of our country are very poor, but they can work hard. If the bank gives them loan on easy term, they —.
(h) Load-shedding occurs because we cannot produce adequate electricity. It is high time we —.
(1) I requested him to join me in playing cricket. He joined me —.
(j) He tried his best to get the job but he could not get it. Had he got the job, he would —.
Solution & Explanation:
| নং | সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য (Complete Sentence) | ব্যবহৃত Phrase/Clause | ব্যাখ্যার মূলনীতি |
| (a) | He practices geometry a lot so that he can score good marks. | he can score good marks (Purpose Clause) | So that (যাতে) থাকলে এরপরের Clause-এ Purpose (উদ্দেশ্য) বোঝাতে can/may বসে। |
| (b) | It was five years since we had met last. | had met last (Time Clause) | It is/was time since থাকলে since-এর পর Simple Past (যদি it is থাকে) অথবা Past Perfect (যদি it was থাকে) বসে। (এখানে it was আছে, তাই had met)। |
| (c) | Sanjida was writing quite well in the exam when suddenly she fell ill/fainted. | fell ill/fainted (Time Clause) | When দ্বারা দুটি ঘটনা যুক্ত হলে, একটি Past Continuous-এ থাকলে অন্যটি Simple Past Tense-এ থাকে। |
| (d) | Don’t worry. I will come and join you after I have finished my study. | will come and join you (Main Clause) | Future Tense + after + Present Perfect/Simple Present Tense দ্বারা একটি Future Action বোঝানো হয়েছে। |
| (e) | He came to you with a view to getting some financial help from you, but you disappointed him. | getting some financial help (Gerund Phrase) | With a view to (উদ্দেশ্যে) হলো একটি Phrase এবং এরপরের Verb-এর সাথে -ing যুক্ত হয় (Gerund)। |
| (f) | The box was too heavy for him to carry. | for him to carry (Infinitive Phrase) | Too… to দ্বারা “এতই… যে” বা নেতিবাচক ফলাফল বোঝানো হয়। |
| (g) | If the bank gives them loan on easy term, they will be able to change their lives. | they will be able to change their lives (Conditional Clause) | First Conditional: If + Simple Present Tense হলে Main Clause-এ Future Indefinite Tense বসে। |
| (h) | Load-shedding occurs because we cannot produce adequate electricity. It is high time we took initiative to produce more electricity. | we took initiative to produce more electricity (Past Indefinite Clause) | It is high time এর পর Subject থাকলে Verb-এর Past Indefinite form বসে। |
| (i) | He joined me after I had requested him. | after I had requested him (Time Clause) | After দ্বারা দুটি অতীত ঘটনা যুক্ত হলে, after-এর আগের অংশে Simple Past Tense এবং পরের অংশে Past Perfect Tense বসে। |
| (j) | Had he got the job, he would have been happy. | have been happy (Conditional Clause) | এটি Third Conditional। Had he got (Past Perfect) হলে Main Clause-এ Subject + would have + V3 বসে। |
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